如下面拓扑的R3和R4属于ABR，R1属于ASBRR1配置一、配置接口IP[r1]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip a
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如下面拓扑的R3和R4属于ABR，R1属于ASBR
R1配置
一、配置接口IP
[r1]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 12.0.0.1 255.255.255.252[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit[r1]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 16.0.0.1 255.255.255.252[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit[r1]interface LoopBack0[r1-LoopBack0]ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.255[r1-LoopBack0]quit <r1>display ip interface brief //查看接口IP信息*down: administratively down!down: FIB overload down^down: standby(l): loopback(s): spoofing(d): Dampening SuppressedThe number of interface that is UP in Physical is 4The number of interface that is DOWN in Physical is 8The number of interface that is UP in Protocol is 4The number of interface that is DOWN in Protocol is 8Interface IP Address/Mask Physical Protocol Ethernet0/0/0 unassigned down down Ethernet0/0/1 unassigned down down GigabitEthernet0/0/0 12.0.0.1/30 up up GigabitEthernet0/0/1 16.0.0.1/30 up up GigabitEthernet0/0/2 unassigned down down GigabitEthernet0/0/3 unassigned down down LoopBack0 1.1.1.1/32 up up(s) 二、配置OSPF协议，将区域网段发布出去
[r1]ospf 1[r1-ospf-1]area 1[r1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1][r1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 12.0.0.0 0.0.0.3//将area 1区域中的接口网段发布出去，后面为反掩码[r1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 1.1.1.1 0.0.0.0//将环回口也发布出去，另一个接口是和R6相连接的，不需要进行发布，而且运行的是RIP协议[r1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]三、指定router id
- 第一种方法
[r1]router id 1.1.1.1 //指定router id，全局，所有协议都会使用这个router id- 第二种方法
[r1]ospf 1 router-id 1.1.1.1 //只针对ospf指定router id四、重启OSPF进程，使router id生效
<r1>reset ospf 1 process <r1>dis ospf brief //查看OSPF的一些信息五、配置与R6间的RIP协议
[r1]rip[r1-rip-1]version 2[r1-rip-1]undo summary [r1-rip-1]network 16.0.0.0六、查看RIP协议
[r1-rip-1]dis ip routing-table protocol rip Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib------------------------------------------------------------------------------Public routing table : RIP Destinations : 1 Routes : 1 RIP routing table status : <Active> Destinations : 1 Routes : 1Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface 6.6.6.6/32 RIP 100 1 D 16.0.0.2 GigabitEthernet 0/0/1RIP routing table status : <Inactive> Destinations : 0 Routes : 0[r1-rip-1]七、在R1进行一个路由引入的动作
- 1）把RIP路由引入到OSPF域
[r1]ospf 1[r1-ospf-1]import-route rip 1 //把RIP引入到了OSPF，默认用的类型是type 2，即cost不累加//在R3上通过<r3>dis ip routing-table 可以看到一条路由 6.6.6.6/32 O_ASE 150 1（这个1就是cost） D 23.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet 0/0/0cost值是1，并没有累加，如果累加了应该是2//再在R3上通过<r3>dis ospf routing 可以看到Routing for ASEs Destination Cost Type Tag NextHop AdvRouter 6.6.6.6/32 1 Type2 1 23.0.0.1 1.1.1.1 16.0.0.0/30 1 Type2 1 23.0.0.1 1.1.1.1这里的Type是2，说明刚才的import-route rip 1命令默认是使用的类型2，即cost值不会累加重新在R1配置该命令如下[r1-ospf-1]import-route rip 1 type 1 cost 5 //手动设置为类型1，且设置cost值为5，那么经过R2到达R3 cost值应该变为了7再在R3上通过<r3>dis ospf routing 来查看Routing for ASEs Destination Cost Type Tag NextHop AdvRouter 6.6.6.6/32 7 Type1 1 23.0.0.1 1.1.1.1 16.0.0.0/30 7 Type1 1 23.0.0.1 1.1.1.1//验证确实cost变为了7- 2）同时也把OSPF的域引入到RIP
[r1]rip [r1-rip-1]import-route ospf 1 [r1-rip-1]dis th#rip 1 undo summary version 2 network 16.0.0.0 import-route ospf 1#导入路由完成后在R1查看路由表[r1-rip-1]dis ip routing-table Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib------------------------------------------------------------------------------Routing Tables: Public Destinations : 15 Routes : 15 Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface 1.1.1.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0 2.2.2.2/32 OSPF 10 1 D 12.0.0.2 GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 3.3.3.3/32 OSPF 10 2 D 12.0.0.2 GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 4.4.4.4/32 OSPF 10 3 D 12.0.0.2 GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 5.5.5.5/32 OSPF 10 4 D 12.0.0.2 GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 6.6.6.6/32 RIP 100 1 D 16.0.0.2 GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 12.0.0.0/30 Direct 0 0 D 12.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 12.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 16.0.0.0/30 Direct 0 0 D 16.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 16.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 23.0.0.0/30 OSPF 10 2 D 12.0.0.2 GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 34.0.0.0/30 OSPF 10 3 D 12.0.0.2 GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 45.0.0.0/30 OSPF 10 4 D 12.0.0.2 GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0 127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0在R6查看路由表<r6>dis ip routing-table Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib------------------------------------------------------------------------------Routing Tables: Public Destinations : 14 Routes : 14 Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface 1.1.1.1/32 RIP 100 1 D 16.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 2.2.2.2/32 RIP 100 1 D 16.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 3.3.3.3/32 RIP 100 1 D 16.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 4.4.4.4/32 RIP 100 1 D 16.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 5.5.5.5/32 RIP 100 1 D 16.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 6.6.6.6/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0 12.0.0.0/30 RIP 100 1 D 16.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 16.0.0.0/30 Direct 0 0 D 16.0.0.2 GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 16.0.0.2/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 23.0.0.0/30 RIP 100 1 D 16.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 34.0.0.0/30 RIP 100 1 D 16.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 45.0.0.0/30 RIP 100 1 D 16.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0 127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0<r6>ping 5.5.5.5 //测试从R6ping R5的环回口IP地址 PING 5.5.5.5: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break Reply from 5.5.5.5: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=251 time=160 ms Reply from 5.5.5.5: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=251 time=170 ms Reply from 5.5.5.5: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=251 time=110 ms Reply from 5.5.5.5: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=251 time=120 ms Reply from 5.5.5.5: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=251 time=170 ms --- 5.5.5.5 ping statistics --- 5 packet(s) transmitted 5 packet(s) received 0.00% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max = 110/146/170 ms<r5>ping 6.6.6.6 //再从R5ping R6的环回口IP地址 PING 6.6.6.6: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break Reply from 6.6.6.6: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=251 time=160 ms Reply from 6.6.6.6: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=251 time=160 ms Reply from 6.6.6.6: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=251 time=120 ms Reply from 6.6.6.6: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=251 time=110 ms Reply from 6.6.6.6: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=251 time=160 ms --- 6.6.6.6 ping statistics --- 5 packet(s) transmitted 5 packet(s) received 0.00% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max = 110/142/160 ms※备注
1、RID的选举，即router id的选举
一般默认从环回口选择一个最大的，如果环回口没有地址，就会从物理口选个最大的；
建议手动指定router id，这样心里有数，便于排错；- 2、DR的选举
在一个以太网里面router id大的是DR，第二大的是BDR，其他都是Drother；
可以通过修改借口的优先级来选举DR和BDR；
interface g 0/0/0 ospf dr-priority 0 //默认为1，修改为0使其不能参与DR的选举 //如果一个修改为5，一个修改为10，那么优先级为10的就是DR，优先级为5的就是BDR在现网中也不会去关心，让他自己去选举就可以了；
R2配置
一、接口IP
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 ip address 12.0.0.2 255.255.255.252#interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 ip address 23.0.0.1 255.255.255.252#interface LoopBack0 ip address 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.255#二、OSPF配置，指定router id，发布网段
[r2]ospf 10 router-id 2.2.2.2 //进程号多少无所谓，只有本地意义，这里使用的是10，同时指定router id[r2-ospf-10]area 1 [r2-ospf-10-area-0.0.0.1]network 12.0.0.0 0.0.0.3[r2-ospf-10-area-0.0.0.1]network 2.2.2.2 0.0.0.0[r2-ospf-10-area-0.0.0.1]network 23.0.0.0 0.0.0.3R3配置
一、接口IP
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 ip address 23.0.0.2 255.255.255.252#interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 ip address 34.0.0.1 255.255.255.252#interface LoopBack0 ip address 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.255#二、OSPF配置，指定router id，发布网段
[r3]ospf 10 router-id 3.3.3.3[r3-ospf-10]area 1[r3-ospf-10-area-0.0.0.1]network 23.0.0.0 0.0.0.3[r3-ospf-10-area-0.0.0.1]q[r3-ospf-10]area 0[r3-ospf-10-area-0.0.0.0]network 34.0.0.0 0.0.0.3[r3-ospf-10-area-0.0.0.0]network 3.3.3.3 0.0.0.0 //环回口也可以放到区域1中R4配置
一、接口IP
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 ip address 34.0.0.2 255.255.255.252#interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 ip address 45.0.0.1 255.255.255.252#interface LoopBack0 ip address 4.4.4.4 255.255.255.255#二、OSPF配置，指定router id，发布网段
[r4]ospf 10 router-id 4.4.4.4[r4-ospf-10]area 0[r4-ospf-10-area-0.0.0.0]network 4.4.4.4 0.0.0.0[r4-ospf-10-area-0.0.0.0]network 34.0.0.0 0.0.0.3[r4-ospf-10-area-0.0.0.0]q[r4-ospf-10]area 2[r4-ospf-10-area-0.0.0.2]network 45.0.0.0 0.0.0.3[r4-ospf-10-area-0.0.0.2]三、查看OSPF的邻接关系
[r4-ospf-10-area-0.0.0.2]return //直接回到用户视图<r4>display ospf peer brief OSPF Process 10 with Router ID 4.4.4.4 Peer Statistic Information ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Area Id Interface Neighbor id State 0.0.0.0 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 3.3.3.3 Full 0.0.0.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/1 5.5.5.5 Full ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- //可以看到R4的邻接关系有3和5四、查看OSPF接口的信息
<r4>dis ospf interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 OSPF Process 10 with Router ID 4.4.4.4 Interfaces Interface: 34.0.0.2 (GigabitEthernet0/0/0) Cost: 1 State: BDR Type: Broadcast MTU: 1500 Priority: 1 Designated Router: 34.0.0.1 Backup Designated Router: 34.0.0.2 Timers: Hello 10 , Dead 40 , Poll 120 , Retransmit 5 , Transmit Delay 1 关于上面的Cost:1的理解
OSPF协议是使用的带宽来作为度量值的，100M除以接口得到的带宽，
这里试验中应该是100M/1G得到的应该是一个小数，但是度量值不可能是一个小数，最小就是1；
这样导致接口是10G、1G、100M，得出的度量值都是1，不能真正区分出链路的优劣！
解决办法：
1、更改参考带宽的值，即将100M改为10G，或者100G，然后用更改后的值来除以接口，
但是需要在自治系统里的所有设备上进行更改，工作量巨大；
2、现网中一般采取直接给接口配置cost值；
如:
interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0ospf cost 10//流量从cost小的走R5配置
一、接口IP
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 ip address 45.0.0.2 255.255.255.252#interface LoopBack0 ip address 5.5.5.5 255.255.255.255#二、OSPF配置，指定router id，发布网段
[r5]ospf 10 router-id 5.5.5.5[r5-ospf-10]area 2[r5-ospf-10-area-0.0.0.2]network 45.0.0.0 0.0.0.3[r5-ospf-10-area-0.0.0.2]network 5.5.5.5 0.0.0.0三、查看OSPF的邻接关系
[r5]display ospf peer brief //查看OSPF的邻接关系 OSPF Process 10 with Router ID 5.5.5.5 Peer Statistic Information ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Area Id Interface Neighbor id State 0.0.0.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 4.4.4.4 Full ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- //可以看到R5的邻接关系只有一个4四、查看路由表，都学习到了
<r4>dis ip routing-table Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib------------------------------------------------------------------------------Routing Tables: Public Destinations : 13 Routes : 13 Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface 1.1.1.1/32 OSPF 10 3 D 34.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 2.2.2.2/32 OSPF 10 2 D 34.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 3.3.3.3/32 OSPF 10 1 D 34.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 4.4.4.4/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0 5.5.5.5/32 OSPF 10 1 D 45.0.0.2 GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 12.0.0.0/30 OSPF 10 3 D 34.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 23.0.0.0/30 OSPF 10 2 D 34.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 34.0.0.0/30 Direct 0 0 D 34.0.0.2 GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 34.0.0.2/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 45.0.0.0/30 Direct 0 0 D 45.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 45.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0 127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0R6配置
一、启用RIP
[r6]rip [r6-rip-1]version 2 //启用版本2[r6-rip-1]undo summary //关闭自动汇总[r6-rip-1]network 6.0.0.0 //宣告自己的网段，只能宣告有类网段[r6-rip-1]network 16.0.0.0