华为DHCP实验笔记

DHCP（Dynamic Host configuration Protocol,动态主机配置协议）DHCP协议采用客户端和服务器（Client/Server）方式工作，DHCP Client向DHC

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DHCP（Dynamic Host configuration Protocol,动态主机配置协议）DHCP协议采用客户端和服务器（Client/Server）方式工作，DHCP Client向DHCP Server动态地请求配置信息，DHCP Server 根据策略返回响应的配置信息。
DHCP客户端首次登录网络时，主要通过4个阶段与DHCP服务器建立联系。

（1）发现阶段：即DHCP客户端寻找DHCP服务器的阶段。客户端以广播的方式DHCP_Discover报文，只有DHCP服务器才会进行响应。
（2）提供阶段：即DHCP服务器提供IP地址的阶段。DHCP服务器接收到客户端的DHCP_Discover报文后，从IP地址池中挑选一个尚未分配的IP地址分配给客户端，向该客户端发送包含出租IP地址和其他设置的DHCP_Offer报文。
（3）选择阶段：即DHCP客户端选择IP地址的阶段。如果有多台DHCP服务器向该客户端发来DHCP_Offer报文，客户端只接收第一个收到的DHCP_Offer报文，然后以广播方式向各DHCP服务器回应DHCP_Request报文。
（4）确认阶段：即DHCP服务器确认所提供IP地址的阶段。当DHCP服务器收到DHCP客户端回答的DHCP_Request报文后，向客户端发送包含它所提供的IP地址和其他设置的DHCP_ACK确认报文。

基于接口地址池的DHCP

[AR1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0[AR1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.254 24[AR1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1[AR1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.2.254 24[AR1]dhcp enable                                                      #开启DHCP功能[AR1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0    [AR1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]dhcp select interface      #开启接口的DHCP服务功能[AR1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1[AR1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]dhcp select interface      #开启接口的DHCP服务功能[AR1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0[AR1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]dhcp server lease day 2       #配置租期[AR1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]dhcp server excluded-ip-address 192.168.1.1 192.168.1.10 #保留地址，不参与配置![](https://s4.51cto.com/images/blog/202011/29/34f142658120e84a5c2a8a49412a62b7.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,size_16,text_QDUxQ1RP5Y2a5a6i,color_FFFFFF,t_100,g_se,x_10,y_10,shadow_90,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk=)![](https://s4.51cto.com/images/blog/202011/29/c64ffe7f5320219a6ecafc59e565b78d.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,size_16,text_QDUxQ1RP5Y2a5a6i,color_FFFFFF,t_100,g_se,x_10,y_10,shadow_90,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk=)[AR1]display ip pool               #查看dhcp地址分配情况    -----------------------------------------------------------------------    Pool-name      : GigabitEthernet0/0/0/0    Pool-No        : 0    Position       : Interface       Status           : Unlocked    Gateway-0      : 192.168.1.254       Mask           : 255.255.255.0    *** instance   : --    -----------------------------------------------------------------------    Pool-name      : GigabitEthernet0/0/0/1    Pool-No        : 1    Position       : Interface       Status           : Unlocked    Gateway-0      : 192.168.2.254       Mask           : 255.255.255.0    *** instance   : --    IP address Statistic        Total       :506           Used        :2          Idle        :494           Expired     :0          Conflict    :0          Disable   :10    

基于全局地址池的DHCP

[AR1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0[AR1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.254 24[AR1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1[AR1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.2.254 24[AR1]dhcp enable                                 #开启dhcp功能[AR1]ip pool 1                                       #创建名字是1的全局地址池Info:It's successful to create an IP address pool.[AR1-ip-pool-1]network 192.168.1.0     #配置全局地址池[AR1-ip-pool-1]lease day 2                   #设置租期[AR1-ip-pool-1]gateway-list 192.168.1.254     #配置dhcp客户端出口的网关地址[AR1-ip-pool-1]excluded-ip-address 192.168.1.250 192.168.1.253    #保留地址[AR1-ip-pool-1]dns-list 8.8.8.8             # 设置DNS[AR1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0[AR1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]dhcp select global  设置采用全局地址池分配IP地址

    [AR1]ip pool 2    Info:It's successful to create an IP address pool.    [AR1-ip-pool-2]network 192.168.2.0    [AR1-ip-pool-2]lease day 2    [AR1-ip-pool-2]gateway-list 192.168.2.254    [AR1-ip-pool-2]dns-list 8.8.8.8    [AR1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1    [AR1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]dhcp select global 

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