#OSPF的网络5种接口类型，适应不同拓扑结构IOU4(config-if)#ipospfnetwork?broadcastSpecifyOSPFbroadcastmulti-accessnetwor
.
# OSPF的网络5种接口类型，适应不同拓扑结构IOU4(config-if)#ip ospf network ? broadcast Specify OSPF broadcast multi-access network non-broadcast Specify OSPF NBMA network point-to-multipoint Specify OSPF point-to-multipoint network point-to-point Specify OSPF point-to-point networkIOU4(config-if)#ip ospf network point-to-multipoint ? non-broadcast Specify non-broadcast point-to-mpoint network 网络接口类型 二层封装 Hello/Dead DR/BDR 主动Hello /32主机路由 P2P PPP/HDLC/FR-P2Psub 10/40 N Y NBroadcast ETH/FDDI 10/40 Y N NNBMA FR/ATM/X.25 30/120 Y N NP2mp hub/spoke 30/120 N Y YP2mp nb(思科）hub/spoke 30/120 N N Y # NBMA网络类型# 1、帧中继配置需要配置frame-relay map ip broadcast，可以选择是否接收broadcast；# 2、NBMA网络中ospf为单播报文，配置neighbor命令,邻居状态为ATTEMPT# 3、DR只能配置在hub，spoke配置priority为0；# 4、问题：拓扑结构由Hub-spoke，转变为full-mesh结构，无法直接反映结构类型# NBMA配置案例IOU2#sh run int s2/0interface Serial2/0 ip address 10.1.234.2 255.255.255.0 encapsulation frame-relay ip ospf network point-to-multipoint serial restart-delay 0 frame-relay map ip 10.1.234.3 204 broadcast frame-relay map ip 10.1.234.4 204 broadcast no frame-relay inverse-arpIOU3#sh run int s2/0interface Serial2/0 ip address 10.1.234.3 255.255.255.0 encapsulation frame-relay ip ospf network point-to-multipoint serial restart-delay 0 frame-relay map ip 10.1.234.2 304 broadcast frame-relay map ip 10.1.234.4 304 broadcast no frame-relay inverse-arpIOU4#sh run int s2/0interface Serial2/0 ip address 10.1.234.4 255.255.255.0 encapsulation frame-relay serial restart-delay 0 frame-relay map ip 10.1.234.2 402 broadcast frame-relay map ip 10.1.234.3 403 broadcast no frame-relay inverse-arp IOU4#sh run | b r orouter ospf 1 router-id 4.4.4.4 network 10.1.4.4 0.0.0.0 area 0 network 10.1.45.0 0.0.0.255 area 1 network 10.1.234.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 neighbor 10.1.234.3 neighbor 10.1.234.2# 邻居状态会出现ATTEMPTIOU4#sh ip ospf neighborNeighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address InterfaceN/A 0 ATTEMPT/DROTHER 00:01:37 10.1.234.2 Serial2/0N/A 0 ATTEMPT/DROTHER 00:01:43 10.1.234.3 Serial2/05.5.5.5 0 FULL/ - 00:00:36 10.1.45.5 Serial2/1# 问题：NBMA网络为full-mesh连接，与拓扑结构hub-spoke不一致；IOU2#sh ip ro 10.1.234.3Routing entry for 10.1.234.0/24 Known via "connected", distance 0, metric 0 (connected, via interface) Routing Descriptor Blocks: * directly connected, via Serial2/0 Route metric is 0, traffic share count is 1IOU3#sh ip ro 10.1.234.2Routing entry for 10.1.234.0/24 Known via "connected", distance 0, metric 0 (connected, via interface) Routing Descriptor Blocks: * directly connected, via Serial2/0 Route metric is 0, traffic share count is 1
# P2MP网络类型# 帧中继Hub-spoke网络中 配置frame-relay map ip和OSPF协议配置量为n*n;# P2MP网络中，POINT_TO_MULTIPOINT 类型配置量为3n,不用配置其他spoke的frame-relay，大大降低配置量； # POINT_TO_MULTIPOINT ，不需要配置neighbor，spoke的frame-relay# P2MP配置案例 (P2MP+P2MP)IOU2#sh run int s2/0interface Serial2/0 ip address 10.1.234.2 255.255.255.0 encapsulation frame-relay ip ospf network point-to-multipoint serial restart-delay 0 frame-relay map ip 10.1.234.4 204 broadcast no frame-relay inverse-arpIOU3#sh run int s2/0interface Serial2/0 ip address 10.1.234.3 255.255.255.0 encapsulation frame-relay ip ospf network point-to-multipoint serial restart-delay 0 frame-relay map ip 10.1.234.4 304 broadcast no frame-relay inverse-arpIOU4#sh run int s2/0interface Serial2/0 ip address 10.1.234.4 255.255.255.0 encapsulation frame-relay ip ospf network point-to-multipoint serial restart-delay 0 frame-relay map ip 10.1.234.2 402 broadcast frame-relay map ip 10.1.234.3 403 broadcast no frame-relay inverse-arpIOU4#sh run | b r orouter ospf 1 router-id 4.4.4.4 network 10.1.4.4 0.0.0.0 area 0 network 10.1.45.0 0.0.0.255 area 1 network 10.1.234.0 0.0.0.255 area 0# P2MP网络不选举DR，链路类型为P2PIOU4#sh ip ospf neighbor Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface2.2.2.2 0 FULL/ - 00:01:37 10.1.234.2 Serial2/03.3.3.3 0 FULL/ - 00:01:37 10.1.234.3 Serial2/05.5.5.5 0 FULL/ - 00:00:32 10.1.45.5 Serial2/1# P2MP网络结构类型为hub-spoke类型，与拓扑结构一致IOU2#sh ip ro 10.1.234.3Routing entry for 10.1.234.3/32 Known via "ospf 1", distance 110, metric 128, type intra area Last update from 10.1.234.4 on Serial2/0, 00:05:17 ago Routing Descriptor Blocks: * 10.1.234.4, from 3.3.3.3, 00:05:17 ago, via Serial2/0 Route metric is 128, traffic share count is 1IOU3#sh ip ro 10.1.234.2Routing entry for 10.1.234.2/32 Known via "ospf 1", distance 110, metric 128, type intra area Last update from 10.1.234.4 on Serial2/0, 00:05:38 ago Routing Descriptor Blocks: * 10.1.234.4, from 2.2.2.2, 00:05:38 ago, via Serial2/0 Route metric is 128, traffic share count is 1 # POINT_TO_MULTIPOINT原理：改变路由下一跳地址，通过递归计算到目的地址；IOU2#sh ip ro 10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 11 subnets, 2 masksO 10.1.1.1/32 [110/11] via 10.1.123.1, 01:25:55, Ethernet0/0C 10.1.2.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback0L 10.1.2.2/32 is directly connected, Loopback0O 10.1.3.3/32 [110/65] via 10.1.234.3, 00:15:56, Serial2/0 # 下一跳地址为目的spoke地址：10.1.234.3O 10.1.4.4/32 [110/65] via 10.1.234.4, 00:16:01, Serial2/0O IA 10.1.5.5/32 [110/129] via 10.1.234.4, 00:16:01, Serial2/0O IA 10.1.45.0/24 [110/128] via 10.1.234.4, 00:16:01, Serial2/0C 10.1.123.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0L 10.1.123.2/32 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0C 10.1.234.0/24 is directly connected, Serial2/0L 10.1.234.2/32 is directly connected, Serial2/0IOU2#sh ip route 10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 13 subnets, 2 masksO 10.1.1.1/32 [110/11] via 10.1.123.1, 01:46:14, Ethernet0/0C 10.1.2.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback0L 10.1.2.2/32 is directly connected, Loopback0O 10.1.3.3/32 [110/129] via 10.1.234.4, 00:07:36, Serial2/0 # 下一跳地址为hub地址：10.1.234.4O 10.1.4.4/32 [110/65] via 10.1.234.4, 00:07:36, Serial2/0O IA 10.1.5.5/32 [110/129] via 10.1.234.4, 00:07:36, Serial2/0O IA 10.1.45.0/24 [110/128] via 10.1.234.4, 00:07:36, Serial2/0C 10.1.123.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0L 10.1.123.2/32 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0C 10.1.234.0/24 is directly connected, Serial2/0L 10.1.234.2/32 is directly connected, Serial2/0O 10.1.234.3/32 [110/128] via 10.1.234.4, 00:07:36, Serial2/0O 10.1.234.4/32 [110/64] via 10.1.234.4, 00:07:36, Serial2/0
# P2MP配置案例（P2P + P2MP），有问题待验证# 将spoke节点R2和R3的网络类型由P2MP改为P2PIOU2#sh run int s2/0interface Serial2/0 ip address 10.1.234.2 255.255.255.0 encapsulation frame-relay ip ospf network point-to-point # 网络类型 point-to-point serial restart-delay 0 frame-relay map ip 10.1.234.4 204 broadcast no frame-relay inverse-arpIOU3#sh run int s2/0interface Serial2/0 ip address 10.1.234.3 255.255.255.0 encapsulation frame-relay ip ospf network point-to-point # 网络类型 point-to-point serial restart-delay 0 frame-relay map ip 10.1.234.4 304 broadcast no frame-relay inverse-arp IOU4#sh run int s2/0interface Serial2/0 ip address 10.1.234.4 255.255.255.0 encapsulation frame-relay ip ospf network point-to-multipoint # 网络类型 point-to-multipoint serial restart-delay 0 frame-relay map ip 10.1.234.2 402 broadcast frame-relay map ip 10.1.234.3 403 broadcast no frame-relay inverse-arp# P2MP网络实现多节点之间P2P互联，P2P网络仅适用于双节点之间互联IOU2#sh ip ro 10.1.234.3Routing entry for 10.1.234.0/24 Known via "connected", distance 0, metric 0 (connected, via interface) Routing Descriptor Blocks: * directly connected, via Serial2/0 Route metric is 0, traffic share count is 1 IOU3#sh ip ro 10.1.234.2Routing entry for 10.1.234.0/24 Known via "connected", distance 0, metric 0 (connected, via interface) Routing Descriptor Blocks: * directly connected, via Serial2/0 Route metric is 0, traffic share count is 1
