FTP 是File Transfer Protocol（文件传输协议）的英文简称，而中文简称为“文传协议”。用于Internet上的控制文件的双向传输。同时，它也是一个应用程序（Application
FTP 是File Transfer Protocol（文件传输协议）的英文简称，而中文简称为“文传协议”。用于Internet上的控制文件的双向传输。同时，它也是一个应用程序（Application）。
FTP的服务器软件有很多下面就拿vsftpd举例。
vsftpd 是一款在Linux发行版本里面最主流的FTP服务器程序，特点是小巧轻快，安全易用
下面开始安装
先检测是否存在vsftp服务
[root@tomcat ~]# rpm -qa |grep vsftpd
没有，下面开始安装
[root@tomcat ~]# yum install vsftpd* -y
使用vsftpd软件，主要包括如下几个命令：
启动ftp命令 #service vsftpd start
停止ftp命令 #service vsftpd stop
重启ftp命令 #service vsftpd restart
[root@tomcat ~]# /etc/init.d/vsftpd restartShutting down vsftpd: [ OK ]Starting vsftpd for vsftpd: [ OK ]
访问：失败
错误排查：防火墙没关闭
[root@tomcat ~]# /etc/init.d/iptables stopiptables: Setting chains to policy ACCEPT: filter [ OK ]iptables: Flushing firewall rules: [ OK ]iptables: Unloading modules: [ OK ][root@tomcat ~]#
连上（但是是秘名用户就能访问）
下面我们开始更改一下配置文件
[root@tomcat ~]# vi /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
#配置文件的内容简单介绍一下：
# Example config file /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf## The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file# loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable.# Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults.## READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options.# Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's# capabilities.## Allow anonymous FTP? (Beware - allowed by default if you comment this out).anonymous_enable=NO //禁止匿名用户访问## Uncomment this to allow local users to log in.local_enable=YES //允许本地用户登录FTP## Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command.write_enable=YES //运行用户在FTP目录中有写入的权限## Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022,# if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's)local_umask=022 //设置本地用户的文件生成掩码为022，默认为077## Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only# has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will# obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user.#anon_upload_enable=YES ## Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create# new directories.#anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES## Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they# go into a certain directory.dirmessage_enable=YES //激活目录信息，当远程用户更改目录时，将出现提示信息## The target log file can be vsftpd_log_file or xferlog_file.# This depends on setting xferlog_std_format parameterxferlog_enable=YES //启用上传和下载日志功能## Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data).connect_from_port_20=YES //启用FTP数据端口的连接请求## If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by# a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not# recommended!#chown_uploads=YES#chown_username=whoever## The name of log file when xferlog_enable=YES and xferlog_std_format=YES# WARNING - changing this filename affects /etc/logrotate.d/vsftpd.log#xferlog_file=/var/log/xferlog## Switches between logging into vsftpd_log_file and xferlog_file files.# NO writes to vsftpd_log_file, YES to xferlog_filexferlog_std_format=YES //是否使用标准的日志文件格式## You may change the default value for timing out an idle session.#idle_session_timeout=600## You may change the default value for timing out a data connection.#data_connection_timeout=120## It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the# ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user.#nopriv_user=ftpsecure## Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not# recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it,# however, may confuse older FTP clients.#async_abor_enable=YES## By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore# the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII# mangling on files when in ASCII mode.# Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service# attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd# predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the# raw file.# ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol.#ascii_upload_enable=YES#ascii_download_enable=YES## You may fully customise the login banner string:#ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service.## You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently# useful for combatting certain DoS attacks.#deny_email_enable=YES# (default follows)#banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd/banned_emails## You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home# directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of# users to NOT chroot().#chroot_local_user=YES#chroot_list_enable=YES# (default follows)#chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list## You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by# default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large# sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume# the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it.#ls_recurse_enable=YES## When "listen" directive is enabled, vsftpd runs in standalone mode and# listens on IPv4 sockets. This directive cannot be used in conjunction# with the listen_ipv6 directive.listen=YES //让vsftpd处于独立启动监听端口模式## This directive enables listening on IPv6 sockets. To listen on IPv4 and IPv6# sockets, you must run two copies of vsftpd with two configuration files.# Make sure, that one of the listen options is commented !!#listen_ipv6=YESpam_service_name=vsftpd //设置PAM认证服务配置文件名称，文件存放在/etc/pam.d/目录userlist_enable=YES //用户列表中的用户是否允许登录FTP服务器tcp_wrappers=YES //使用tcp_wrappwers作为主机访问控制方式
下面我设置成禁止用户访问模式
然后定义一个用户名
[root@tomcat ~]# useradd test[root@tomcat ~]# passwd testChanging password for user test.New password: BAD PASSWORD: it is WAY too shortBAD PASSWORD: is too simpleRetype new password: passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.[root@tomcat ~]#
密码设置为123
然后访问一下：
但是访问不进去：
百度了一下才知道是 selinux的问题
[root@tomcat ~]# vi /etc/selinux/config
重启一下
[root@tomcat ~]# reboot Broadcast message from [email protected] (/dev/pts/0) at 18:42 ...The system is going down for reboot NOW![root@tomcat ~]#
查看是否关闭了
[root@tomcat ~]# sestatusSELinux status: disabled[root@tomcat ~]#
最简单的FTP服务器就搭建好了
下次将介绍一个稍微复杂的FTP服务器
