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Debian添加开机启动

2023-11-12 星期日 / 0 评论 / 0 点赞 / 61 阅读 / 9078 字

但是大多数都是把命令写到/etc/rc.d/rc.local或者 /etc/rc.local里,这样虽然能够实现随机运行,但是并不够灵活。不能像mysql,apache等服务一样能够使用service

但是大多数都是把命令写到/etc/rc.d/rc.local或者 /etc/rc.local里,这样虽然能够实现随机运行,但是并不够灵活。不能像mysql,apache等服务一样能够使用service命令或者调 用init.d下的脚本启动、关闭或者重启进程。例如:

service mysql restartservice apache2 stop#或者/etc/init.d/mysql restart/etc/init.d/apache2 stop

编写一个启动控制脚本,以proxy为例,建立/etc/init.d/proxy文本文件,输入下面的内容:

#!/bin/shcase "$1" instart)        start-stop-daemon --start --background --exec /root/proxy.py;;stop)        start-stop-daemon --stop --name proxy.pyesac

这是一个简单的shell脚本,case .. in是用来根据调用参数进行不同的操作,start-stop-daemon是一个可以管理daemon进程的程序,要查看它的详细说明,可以运行man start-stop-daemon。start的时候,使用--exec指定要执行的文件,stop的时候,使用--name根据进程名字来使用 killall结束匹配的进程。

接着,设置脚本文件属性,设置可执行标记。

# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/proxy

这样子,就可以使用service命令来启动和关闭进程了,例如启动进程如下:

# service proxy start# ps aux|grep proxyroot       353  1.4  1.9   8644  5212 ?        S    09:50   0:00 /usr/bin/python /root/proxy.pyroot       355  0.0  0.2   1900   596 pts/0    S+   09:50   0:00 grep --color=auto proxy#关闭进程# service proxy stop# ps aux | grep proxyroot       365  0.0  0.2   1900   592 pts/0    S+   09:51   0:00 grep --color=auto proxy

到这里,一个Linux服务的进程控制脚本已经写好了,但是要实现随机启动,还需要一个步骤。
Linux开机的时候,不是直接运行/etc/init.d下的所有脚本的,而是根据不同的runlevel来执行/etc/rc$runlevel.d 下的脚本。这里的runlevel是用以区别系统的运行方式(例如单用户的runlevel,多媒体桌面的runlevel,服务器的runlevel都 不同)。

在Debian里,可以使用update-rc.d来把/etc/init.d/proxy安装到各个runlevel中。更多关于update-rc.d的说明,请参见man update-rc.d。

# update-rc.d proxy defaults 99update-rc.d: warning: /etc/init.d/proxy missing LSB informationupdate-rc.d: see <http://wiki.debian.org/LSBInitScripts> Adding system startup for /etc/init.d/proxy ...   /etc/rc0.d/K99proxy -> ../init.d/proxy   /etc/rc1.d/K99proxy -> ../init.d/proxy   /etc/rc6.d/K99proxy -> ../init.d/proxy   /etc/rc2.d/S99proxy -> ../init.d/proxy   /etc/rc3.d/S99proxy -> ../init.d/proxy   /etc/rc4.d/S99proxy -> ../init.d/proxy   /etc/rc5.d/S99proxy -> ../init.d/proxy

update-rc.d后面有三个参数,分别是/etc/init.d下的脚本名字,默认安装方式,运行的优先级。优先级的数字越大,表示越迟运行,这里我们把自己写的服务放在最后运行。

如果要卸载随机启动的服务,执行

update-rc.d -f proxy remove

在update-rc.d安装的时候提示了警告信息,是因为我们写的/etc/init.d/proxy太简陋了,连LSB的信息也没有提供。

update-rc.d: warning: /etc/init.d/proxy missing LSB informationupdate-rc.d: see <http://wiki.debian.org/LSBInitScripts>

只需要做一些小改动,就可以避免那个警告了。如下:

#!/bin/sh### BEGIN INIT INFO# Provides:          proxy# Required-Start:    $remote_fs# Required-Stop:     $remote_fs# Default-Start:     2 3 4 5# Default-Stop:      0 1 6# Short-Description: Start or stop the HTTP Proxy.### END INIT INFOcase "$1" instart)        start-stop-daemon --start --background --exec /root/proxy.py;;stop)        start-stop-daemon --stop --name proxy.pyesac

到此,一个最简单的随机启动服务写好了,看起来文章挺长的,但其实也就几个命令而已。
在下次开机启动的时候,proxy.py就会以root用户身份被自动运行。

现在,你应该知道怎么编写属于自己的service命令了吧,编写一个脚本,然后把它放在/etc/init.d这个目录底下,你就可以用service +脚本名字 运行它。如果是要开机自动启动那就得用chkconfig命令了。

注意:

A、service这个命令往往是即时生效,不用开关机,但是重启后服务会回到默认状态。

B、chkconfig是用于把服务加到开机自动启动列表里,只要启动它,就能自动启动,重启后永久生效

chkconfig --add COMMAND chkconfig COMMAND on/off    #重启后永久生效


webiopi

#! /bin/sh### BEGIN INIT INFO# Provides:          webiopi# Required-Start:    $remote_fs $syslog# Required-Stop:     $remote_fs $syslog# Default-Start:     2 3 4 5# Default-Stop:      0 1 6# Short-Description: WebIOPi initscript# Description:       WebIOPi initscript### END INIT INFO# Author: trouch <[email protected]>WEBIOPI_HOME=/var/www/webiopiWEBIOPI_PORT=80PATH=/sbin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/usr/binDESC="WebIOPi"NAME=webiopiDAEMON=/usr/bin/pythonDAEMON_ARGS="$WEBIOPI_HOME/webiopi.py $WEBIOPI_PORT"PIDFILE=/var/run/$NAME.pidSCRIPTNAME=/etc/init.d/$NAME# Exit if the package is not installed[ -x "$DAEMON" ] || exit 0# Read configuration variable file if it is present[ -r /etc/default/$NAME ] && . /etc/default/$NAME# Load the VERBOSE setting and other rcS variables. /lib/init/vars.sh# Define LSB log_* functions.# Depend on lsb-base (>= 3.2-14) to ensure that this file is present# and status_of_proc is working.. /lib/lsb/init-functions## Function that starts the daemon/service#do_start(){    # Return    #   0 if daemon has been started    #   1 if daemon was already running    #   2 if daemon could not be started    start-stop-daemon --start --quiet --pidfile $PIDFILE --exec $DAEMON --test > /dev/null /        || return 1    start-stop-daemon --start --quiet --pidfile $PIDFILE --exec $DAEMON --background --make-pidfile -- /        $DAEMON_ARGS /        || return 2    # Add code here, if necessary, that waits for the process to be ready    # to handle requests from services started subsequently which depend    # on this one.  As a last resort, sleep for some time.}## Function that stops the daemon/service#do_stop(){    # Return    #   0 if daemon has been stopped    #   1 if daemon was already stopped    #   2 if daemon could not be stopped    #   other if a failure occurred    start-stop-daemon --stop --quiet --pidfile $PIDFILE --name $NAME    RETVAL="$?"    [ "$RETVAL" = 2 ] && return 2    # Wait for children to finish too if this is a daemon that forks    # and if the daemon is only ever run from this initscript.    # If the above conditions are not satisfied then add some other code    # that waits for the process to drop all resources that could be    # needed by services started subsequently.  A last resort is to    # sleep for some time.    start-stop-daemon --stop --quiet --exec $DAEMON    [ "$?" = 2 ] && return 2    # Many daemons don't delete their pidfiles when they exit.    rm -f $PIDFILE    return "$RETVAL"}## Function that sends a SIGHUP to the daemon/service#do_reload() {    #    # If the daemon can reload its configuration without    # restarting (for example, when it is sent a SIGHUP),    # then implement that here.    #    start-stop-daemon --stop --signal 1 --quiet --pidfile $PIDFILE --name $NAME    return 0}case "$1" in  start)    [ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_daemon_msg "Starting $DESC" "$NAME"    do_start    case "$?" in        0|1) [ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_end_msg 0 ;;        2) [ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_end_msg 1 ;;    esac    ;;  stop)    [ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_daemon_msg "Stopping $DESC" "$NAME"    do_stop    case "$?" in        0|1) [ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_end_msg 0 ;;        2) [ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_end_msg 1 ;;    esac    ;;  status)    status_of_proc "$DAEMON" "$NAME" && exit 0 || exit $?    ;;  #reload|force-reload)    #    # If do_reload() is not implemented then leave this commented out    # and leave 'force-reload' as an alias for 'restart'.    #    #log_daemon_msg "Reloading $DESC" "$NAME"    #do_reload    #log_end_msg $?    #;;  restart|force-reload)    #    # If the "reload" option is implemented then remove the    # 'force-reload' alias    #    log_daemon_msg "Restarting $DESC" "$NAME"    do_stop    case "$?" in      0|1)        do_start        case "$?" in            0) log_end_msg 0 ;;            1) log_end_msg 1 ;; # Old process is still running            *) log_end_msg 1 ;; # Failed to start        esac        ;;      *)        # Failed to stop        log_end_msg 1        ;;    esac    ;;  *)    #echo "Usage: $SCRIPTNAME {start|stop|restart|reload|force-reload}" >&2    echo "Usage: $SCRIPTNAME {start|stop|status|restart|force-reload}" >&2    exit 3    ;;esac:

 

 

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