环境准备机器准备master 192.168.1.101slave 192.168.1.102操作系统 Ubuntu 16MySQL版本5.7配置文件说明Ubuntu中mysql配置文件在/etc/m
环境准备
- 机器准备
- master 192.168.1.101
- slave 192.168.1.102
- 操作系统 Ubuntu 16
- MySQL版本5.7
配置文件说明
- Ubuntu中mysql配置文件在
/etc/mysql可以找到其结构如下
/etc/mysql├── conf.d│ ├── mysql.cnf│ └── mysqldump.cnf├── debian.cnf #自动生成的系统脚本，不要动它├── debian-start #5.7前该脚本用于检查奔溃的表和无密码的账户,5.7以后只是个空脚本├── my.cnf -> /etc/alternatives/my.cnf #全局配置文件├── my.cnf.fallback #用于回退全局配置文件├── mysql.cnf └── mysql.conf.d ├── mysqld.cnf #配置的模板，可以拷贝至/etc/mysql/my.cnf和~/.my.cnf └── mysqld_safe_syslog.cnf #系统日志配置如果需要定制则注释该文件配置再my.cnf中配置- 配置文件加载顺序
#使用下面命令查看/usr/sbin/mysqld --verbose --help | grep -A -1 2 'Default options'- 可以查看到如下内容，指明配置文件加载顺序如下
/etc/my.cnf、/etc/mysql/my.cnf、~/.my.cnf
Default options are read from the following files in the given order:/etc/my.cnf /etc/mysql/my.cnf ~/.my.cnf- 在
my.cnf文件中存在如下两句话，表示配置包含!includedir文件夹中的配置
...!includedir /etc/mysql/conf.d/!includedir /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/Master 配置
- 配置参数文件
/etc/mysql/my.cnf
[mysqld]server-id=1 #服务ID需要确保唯一性log-bin=mysql-bin #指定日志目录 ubuntu 默认 /var/lib/mysql/mysql-bin目录#使事务的复制中尽最大可能的保证持久性和一致性innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=1#事务日志直接写入文件，性能降低，但高可靠sync_binlog=1- 重启master
/etc/init.d/mysql restart- Master中创建用于同步的账号
CREATE USER 'repl'@'192.168.1.102' IDENTIFIED BY 'slavepass';GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'repl'@'192.168.1.102';- Master中获取二进制日志坐标
--master加锁FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK;--查看master状态信息SHOW MASTER STATUS;| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| mysql-bin.000001 | 619 | - | - | - |
Slave 配置
- 配置参数文件
/etc/mysql/my.cnf
[mysqld]server-id=2- 重启Slave
/etc/init.d/mysql restart- Master中释放锁
UNLOCK TABLES;- Slave 配置主站信息
CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.1.101',MASTER_USER='repl',MASTER_PASSWORD='slavepass',MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000001',MASTER_LOG_POS=619;- Slave中开启同步
mysql> START SLAVE;测试
- 查看slave同步状态
show slave status/G其中Slave_IO_Running和Slave_SQL_Running均为YES表示slave已经启动同步
*************************** 1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event Master_Host: 192.168.1.101 Master_User: repl Master_Port: 3306 Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 619 Relay_Log_File: iZuf60xdp6y5avwotnjkm9Z-relay-bin.000002 Relay_Log_Pos: 320 Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000003 Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes Replicate_Do_DB: Replicate_Ignore_DB: Replicate_Do_Table: Replicate_Ignore_Table: Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: Last_Errno: 0 Last_Error: Skip_Counter: 0 Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 154 Relay_Log_Space: 545 Until_Condition: None Until_Log_File: Until_Log_Pos: 0 Master_SSL_Allowed: No Master_SSL_CA_File: Master_SSL_CA_Path: Master_SSL_Cert: Master_SSL_Cipher: Master_SSL_Key: Seconds_Behind_Master: 0Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No Last_IO_Errno: 0 Last_IO_Error: Last_SQL_Errno: 0 Last_SQL_Error: Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: Master_Server_Id: 1 Master_UUID: Master_Info_File: /var/lib/mysql/master.info SQL_Delay: 0 SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates Master_Retry_Count: 86400 Master_Bind: Last_IO_Error_Timestamp: Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp: Master_SSL_Crl: Master_SSL_Crlpath: Retrieved_Gtid_Set: Executed_Gtid_Set: Auto_Position: 0 Replicate_Rewrite_DB: Channel_Name: Master_TLS_Version: - master配置要同步的数据库创建测试库和表
create database test;use test;create table a(a int);插入测试数据
insert into a(a)alues(1);insert into a(a)alues(2);insert into a(a)alues(3);- slave上查看是否进行了同步
show databases;use test;select * from a;得到结果
| a |
|---|
| 1 |
| 2 |
| 3 |
总结
本文是最简单的主从配置，一些高级特性需要参考MySQL手册进行定制，请读者自行查阅。
